According to the source, recent research on batched threshold encryption outlines decrypting an entire transaction batch with a single compact proof to cut verification and bandwidth overhead for encrypted mempools on Ethereum L2s. Source: IETF BLS Signature draft on aggregate proofs; Shutter Network technical docs on threshold decryption for mempools Encrypted mempools are designed to mitigate frontrunning and sandwich MEV by hiding transaction contents until after ordering, historically improving on-chain execution quality and slippage for traders. Source: Shutter Network docs on anti-frontrunning; Flashbots SUAVE overview on private orderflow and MEV mitigation Fair-ordering sequencers on L2s, such as Espresso Systems’ Timeboost design, target MEV reduction at the ordering layer and can complement private or encrypted orderflow. Source: Espresso Systems blog on the Espresso Sequencer and Timeboost For trading, wider adoption of encrypted or fair-ordering mempools at the sequencer level is expected to tighten effective spreads on DEX swaps and reduce adverse selection for large orders on ETH-based rollups. Source: Flashbots research on MEV costs to traders; COW Protocol analyses of sandwich attack losses